{"id":410,"date":"2025-03-10T00:22:59","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T00:22:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/?p=410"},"modified":"2025-05-25T20:38:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T20:38:15","slug":"xerox-star%ef%bc%9abringing-the-future-of-system-interfaces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/xerox-star%ef%bc%9abringing-the-future-of-system-interfaces\/","title":{"rendered":"Xerox Star\uff1aBringing the Future of System Interfaces"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">The Xerox Star, <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">which<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">debuted <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">in 1981, revolutionized <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">computer<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">use<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">with<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">the graphical user interface (GUI) that <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">was<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">to<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\"> become <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">standard <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">on<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">personal computers. It was the first <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">commercially<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">shipped <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">system to integrate <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">fundamental<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\"> concepts <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">like<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">bitmap <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">screens<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">, icons, windows, <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">directories<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">, desktop metaphors, and mouse-driven interfaces. The <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">mouse<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">became<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">popular with <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">the <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">system<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">for<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">use<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">in<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">interacting<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">with digital <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">objects<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">, which <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">was<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">made a <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\">standard on computers.The GUI system also <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">enabled<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\"> networking, e-mail, and file sharing.<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">Apple<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">Macintosh and Microsoft<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\"> Windows borrowed heavily from its design principles, and <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">innovations <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">developed<\/span> <span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\">by the Xerox Star <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">provided<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited__WuRP8\"> the <\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__added__LtuNJ\">basis<\/span><span class=\"Editor_t__not_edited_long__JuNNx\"> for modern operating systems such as Apple&#8217;s macOS and Microsoft&#8217;s Windows.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Xerox Star, which debuted in 1981, revolutionized computer usewith the graphical user interface (GUI) that was to become [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xerox-star"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=410"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":411,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/410\/revisions\/411"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Spring2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}