{"id":12,"date":"2025-07-30T22:08:52","date_gmt":"2025-07-30T22:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/?page_id=12"},"modified":"2025-07-30T22:36:48","modified_gmt":"2025-07-30T22:36:48","slug":"computer-age","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/computer-age\/","title":{"rendered":"computer age"},"content":{"rendered":"<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list has-dates has-author wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/12\/03\/how-pace-layers-affect-the-lifecycle-of-interaction-design-work\/\">How Pace Layers Affect the Lifecycle of Interaction Design Work<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Marcus Lee<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-12-03T22:51:13+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">December 3, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Pace Layers provide a useful framework for understanding why interaction design evolves at different speeds throughout a product\u2019s lifecycle. Fast-changing layers\u2014such as visual style, UI trends, and microinteractions\u2014can be updated frequently to keep a product modern\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/12\/03\/how-pace-layers-affect-the-lifecycle-of-interaction-design-work\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: How Pace Layers Affect the Lifecycle of Interaction Design Work<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/27\/rethinking-interaction-design-through-pace-layers\/\">Rethinking Interaction Design Through Pace Layers<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Hannah Wang<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-11-27T07:05:37+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">November 27, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">How do Pace Layers affect the lifecycle of interaction design work? Pace Layers is a helpful way to understand how interaction design evolves. At the surface, we have elements that change every day, like UI styles\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/27\/rethinking-interaction-design-through-pace-layers\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Rethinking Interaction Design Through Pace Layers<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/how-pace-layers-shape-the-way-interaction-design-evolves\/\">How Pace Layers Shape the Way Interaction Design Evolves<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Ye Lou<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-11-26T09:54:13+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">November 26, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Pace Layers affect the lifecycle of interaction design work by showing that different parts of a product change at different speeds, and designers have to work with that instead of against it. The fast layers\u2014like trends,\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/how-pace-layers-shape-the-way-interaction-design-evolves\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: How Pace Layers Shape the Way Interaction Design Evolves<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/the-difficulty-of-changing-different-levels-in-pace-layers\/\">The difficulty of changing different levels in Pace Layers<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Jason Wu<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-11-26T09:36:15+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">November 26, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Pace Layers divides a system into changeable layers, meaning that changes to some layers will impact the design in the long run. For example, culture and people&#8217;s habits change slowly, thus influencing the long-term direction of\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/the-difficulty-of-changing-different-levels-in-pace-layers\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: The difficulty of changing different levels in Pace Layers<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/the-pace-of-design\/\">The Pace of Design<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Sarah Ellzey<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-11-26T05:03:01+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">November 26, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">When I think about Pace Layers, I think about how they help me as an Interaction Design student understand why different parts of my project might move at different speeds. Some decisions change really easily with\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/the-pace-of-design\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: The Pace of Design<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/design-at-multiple-speeds\/\">Design at Multiple Speeds<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Mackenzie Chen<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-11-26T04:57:52+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">November 26, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Pace Layering provides a productive analytical lens for understanding how interaction design work unfolds over time. Rather than framing the world as a strict hierarchy, the Pace Layers model clarifies how different rhythms of change coexist,\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/design-at-multiple-speeds\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Design at Multiple Speeds<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/mind-bones-and-skin-pace-layer\/\">Mind, bones, and skin: Pace layers<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Helen Chen<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-11-26T01:30:23+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">November 26, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">After learning about the system, the concept of pace layers just makes sense. In a self-regulating system, different layers move through time at different speeds. Take our bodies, for example. Different parts have their own renewal\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/26\/mind-bones-and-skin-pace-layer\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Mind, bones, and skin: Pace layers<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/25\/layers-of-change\/\">Layers of Change<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Abigail Smith<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-11-25T22:09:03+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">November 25, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Pace Layers are an illustration of the pace at which pieces of a system develop and change. Fashion, commerce, infrastructure, governance, culture, and nature are the layers in order of fastest to slowest to change.&nbsp; In\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/25\/layers-of-change\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Layers of Change<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/20\/beyond-the-ui-refresh\/\">Beyond the UI Refresh<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Willow Munaba<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-11-20T22:14:11+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">November 20, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Pace Layers give designers a clear way to understand how some parts of Interaction Design were able to rapidly evolve, while others remain stagnant. Stewart Brand mentions fashion and commerce layers which dictate the rapid shifts\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/20\/beyond-the-ui-refresh\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Beyond the UI Refresh<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/11\/20\/the\/\">the<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Egie Kwon<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-11-20T07:53:27+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">November 20, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">d<\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/23\/the-next-step-for-gui-design\/\">The Next Step for GUI Design<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Hannah Wang<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-10-23T08:50:25+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">October 23, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">How has the graphical user interface changed since the early Macintosh \/ Windows days? What has stayed the same? What needs to be improved now that technology has improved? Since the early days of Macintosh and\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/23\/the-next-step-for-gui-design\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: The Next Step for GUI Design<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/the-evolution-of-the-graphical-user-interface-from-clicks-to-intuitive-experiences\/\">The Evolution of the Graphical User Interface: From Clicks to Intuitive Experiences<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Marcus Lee<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-10-22T21:04:08+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">October 22, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Since the early days of Macintosh and Windows, GUI has changed a lot. Early computers were pretty simple and boxy &#8211; like gray windows, pixelated icons, not many colors. Everything was controlled by mouse and keyboard,\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/the-evolution-of-the-graphical-user-interface-from-clicks-to-intuitive-experiences\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: The Evolution of the Graphical User Interface: From Clicks to Intuitive Experiences<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/from-windows-to-world-how-gui-became-our-digital-skin\/\">From Windows to World: How GUI Became Our Digital Skin<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Mark Zhou<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-10-22T15:06:06+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">October 22, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">When the first Macintosh appeared, the screen felt like a window: a neat frame where icons stood politely in rows, waiting to be clicked. It was simple, logical, and humane. Fast forward to today, and that\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/from-windows-to-world-how-gui-became-our-digital-skin\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: From Windows to World: How GUI Became Our Digital Skin<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/the-changes-of-user-interface\/\">The changes of user interface<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Jason Wu<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-10-22T06:19:50+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">October 22, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">The early Macintosh and Windows were dominated by pixelated, simple windows, looking very simple but lacking in aesthetics. This gradually evolved into skeuomorphism, which seemed to incorporate real-world objects into the UI, a significant advancement. Today&#8217;s\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/the-changes-of-user-interface\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: The changes of user interface<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/whats-next-for-gui\/\">What&#8217;s Next for GUI?<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Abigail Smith<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-10-22T05:38:33+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">October 22, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">While most people may not pay much attention to the significance of the trash can at the lower right corner of their computer screen, a long line of computer history is behind it. In the early\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/whats-next-for-gui\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: What&#8217;s Next for GUI?<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/when-design-became-desire-the-gui-and-the-attention-economy\/\">When Design Became Desire: The GUI and the Attention Economy<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Mackenzie Chen<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-10-22T05:37:08+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">October 22, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">The early Macintosh and Windows systems didn&#8217;t just invent a new way of interacting with computers, they also redefined the relationship between human perception and digital logic. In the 1980s, Apple&#8217;s Human Interface Group and Microsoft&#8217;s\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/22\/when-design-became-desire-the-gui-and-the-attention-economy\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: When Design Became Desire: The GUI and the Attention Economy<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/21\/gui-has-grown-up-and-will-continue-to-do-so\/\">GUI has grown up, and will continue to do so<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Sarah Ellzey<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-10-21T20:21:50+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">October 21, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Way back in Macintosh&#8217;s\/Windows&#8217; early days, the graphical user interface, or GUI, was something really special. They popularized the desktop, Windows, and folder metaphors, and promoted them to a wider range of audiences than others had\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/21\/gui-has-grown-up-and-will-continue-to-do-so\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: GUI has grown up, and will continue to do so<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/21\/the-evolution-of-graphical-user-interfaces\/\">The Evolution of Graphical User Interfaces<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Ye Lou<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-10-21T07:37:09+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">October 21, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Since the early Macintosh and Windows days, graphical user interfaces have changed a lot. They used to be very simple, with black-and-white icons and basic windows, but now they are colorful, animated, and work with touch,\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/21\/the-evolution-of-graphical-user-interfaces\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: The Evolution of Graphical User Interfaces<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/19\/icons-patterns-and-the-pursuit-of-intuitive-interfaces\/\">Icons, Patterns and the Pursuit of Intuitive Interfaces<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-author\">by Willow Munaba<\/div><time datetime=\"2025-10-19T03:30:06+00:00\" class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-date\">October 19, 2025<\/time><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Graphical User Interfaces have transformed dramatically since personal computers first became accessible to the general public. The 1984 Macintosh and Windows 95 introduced a visual way of interacting with computers, using windows, icons, menus and pointers\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/2025\/10\/19\/icons-patterns-and-the-pursuit-of-intuitive-interfaces\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Icons, Patterns and the Pursuit of Intuitive Interfaces<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54,"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12\/revisions\/54"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.interactiondesignhistory.com\/Fall2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}